Stove or furnace.



PATENTED JULY 5, 1904..

H. 0. BANKS, DEG'D.

R. F. LOOKE, ADMINISTRATOR.

STOVE 0B. FURNACE.

APPLIOATIOK FILED APR. 27. 1903.

H0- MODEL.

lllllllllllllllmg "WWW" UNITED STATES Patented July 5, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

HARLOW O. BANKS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; RICHARD F. LOCKE ADMINISTRATOR OF SAID BANKS, DECEASED.

STOVE OR FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 764,334, dated July 5, 1904.

Application filed April 27, 1903. Serial No. 15,390. (N0 model.)

To all whmn it WMLZ/ concern:

Be it known that I, HARLOW O. BANKS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Stoves or Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, reference being bad to,

the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved stove or furnace adapted for promoting combustion of the fuel at the top of the fire-body, as compared with and in preference to forcing the draft up through the lire-body from the bottom to the top.

It consists in the features of construction set out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section of my improved stove or furnace. Fig. 2 is a section as to the left half atthe line 2 2 on Fig. I and as to the right half a detail section at the line 2 2 on Fig. 1 through the outer shell and dampers, the other parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a section as to the. front half at the line 3 3 on Fig. 1 and as to the rear half at the line 3 3 on Fig. 1, the dampers being broken away.

My stove or furnace comprises a hollow or double Walled fire-pot 1, having the usual firesupporting grate 2, suitably lodged at the lower end of such fire-pot, being preferably tapered, slightly widening from the bottom toward the top.

3 is the cavity in the double or hollow wall. Air-inlet apertures l 4, distributed throughout the circumference of the lire-pot, lead into the cavity 3 at the bottom of the same, and air-outlet apertures 5 5, &c., similarly distributed, lead from said cavity through the inner shell of the double wall at the top of the fire-pot, being preferably formed by notches in the upper edge of said shell. The upper end of the double or hollow wall is open about the entire circumference of the fire-pot, as seen at 6, and upon this open end there is lodged a horizontal partition-ring 7, which thus bounds the apertures 5, formed bythe notches in the upper edge of said shell and which is apertured over a large portion of the opening 6, so as to afford free access for air through the cavity 3 as well as out through the air-apertures 5 through the lirepot inner shell. The ring 7 at its inner marginal part projects inward from the inner shell of the lire-pot and forms a horizontal lip overhanging the apertures 5 and causing the jets of air discharged through said apertures to shoot in horizontally for a considerable distance before they can take an upward direction. Upon the inner margin of the partition-ring 7 there is lodged what I term a reflector-dome or [irepot extension 8, which is a cone frustum in form, widest at the base, where it is lodged on the ring, and tapering at a considerable slope to a comparatively restricted upper end opening. This reflector-dome is a single shelland is lodged entirely within the circle of the apertures in the partition -ring 7, so that all the air that passes from the cavity 3 upward through said aperture passes outside of said reflectordome. On the upper end of the reflectordome I lodge an annular plate 9, which overhangs the upper mouth of the reflector-dome, and being of an interior diameter considerably less than the mouth of the dome still further restricts the throat or discharge for the prodnets of combustion upward from said dome. At the upper end of the dome it is provided with a complete circular series of air-apertures 1O 1O 10, which are most conveniently made by notching the upper edge on which the annular plate 9 lodges, so that the air discharges through said apertures take place directly along the under surface of the overhanging marginal portion of said annular plate, which thus forms a guard-lip for giving horizontal direction to the air-jets. double-walled lire-pot and the lire-pot extension or reflector-dome, with the partition-ring and annular plate described, are all inclosed in an outer shell 11, whose diameter is the outer diameter of the partition-ring and an of the chamber 16, included between said outer shell and iire'pot extension, separating said The chamber from the chambers 17 and 18 above and below it. In this outer shell at a point just below the partition-ring 7 there is a horizontal circular series of air-inlet apertures 12, controlled by dampers 13 13, for admitting air from the outside into the chamber below the partition-ring and outside the doubled-walled fire-pot. The air thus admitted passes down along the outer surface of the fire-pot to the lower end in order to enter the air-inlet apertures 4: at said lower end of the fire-pot, and

.thence passing up through the cavity 3 of the double or hollow walled fire-pot emerges through the air-inlet apertures 5 5 at the top. The total area of the apertures controlled by the dampers 13 13 and also the total area of the air-inlet apertures 1 4 at the bottom of the fire-pot is considerably more than that of the air-outlet apertures 5 at the top of the fire-pot, so that whatever draft the furnace may obtain operates to cause the air to arrive freely and abundantly at the apertures 5 5, so that being discharged through said apertures with a distinct horizontal inward impulse, as described, it shoots across the top of the fire in the fire-pot in jets, which with a good draft will reach nearly to the center of the fire before being deflected upward.

This tends to cause a perfect combustion of the gases generated from the fuel at the top of the fire and creates an intense heat at the center of the fire, which is reflected by the reflector-dome back inward, further i ntensifying the heat in the space above the fire and within the reflector-dome where the gases are rising from the fuel. The excess of area of the inlet-apertures 4 1 above that of the apertures 5 is sufiicient to leave a large surplus of air to pass out of the upper end of the cavity 3 in the double-walled fire-pot, out through the partition-ring into the chamber 16, inclosed between the shell 11 and the reflector-dome 7, and below the annular plate 9. This air, which has already become highly heated in passing through the cavity 3 of the double-walled fire-pot, is further heated as it passes over the outer surface of the intensely hot reflector dome, and when discharged through the apertures 10 10, formed by the notches in the, upper edge of the reflectordome, beingcompelled to pass horizontally under the overhanging margin of the annular plate 9,the air-jets tend to continue their horizontal movement while being sucked upward with the draft, so that they penetrate the body of gases very thoroughly before passing more than a short distance above the level of the annular plate into the chamber above the same within the outer shell 11. The double supply of highly-heated airfurnished in small jets radiated inward from all directions and penetrating and breaking up the gases insures the most complete combustion possible before the gases pass from said upper chamber around the baffle-plate 12 to the outlet-pipe 15.

Any convenient amount of space may be allowed below the grate for an ash-pit; but such ash-pit should be, as illustrated, completely closed off from the chamber 18, which is formed outside the fire-pot by the inclosing shell 11, and the ash-pit itself should be provided With a tight door 14 to prevent any draft passing up through the grate in the ordinary operation of the fire after it is kindled. The fire may be started on the grate with the ash-door 14 or the damper 14: open in the ordinary manner of kindling a fire in an open stove; but after the fire has been started and built up to a sufficient height to be reached by the air-jets discharged through the air-outlets 5, leading from the cavity 3, the ash-door and its damper should be closed and the air for combustion derived entirely through the dampers 13 13.

I claim* 1. A stove or furnace comprising a hollow or double walled fire-pot having air-inlet apertures to the cavityof its hollow wall at the bottom; a reflector-dome or fire-pot extension mounted at the upper margin of the fire-pot and tapered narrowing toward the top; an outer shell encompassing the reflector-dome, forming an air-chamber encompassing the latter; horizontal partitions bounding said cham her at the top and bottom, the cavity of the hollow wall of the fire-pot having air-outlets at the top of the same outside the reflectordome, leading into such chamber, and air-discharge apertures distributed around the top of the reflector-dome leading from such chamber into the combustion-space within the dome.

2. A stove or furnace comprising a double or hollow walled fire-pot having air-inlet apertures leading into the cavity of its hollow wall at the bottom, and air-outlet apertures leading from said cavity into the fire-space within the fire-pot at the top; a reflector-dome or fire-pot extension mounted at the upper margin of the fire-pot and tapered narrowing thereabove toward the top; a shell encompassing the fire pot and the reflector dome forming chambers thereabout; a partitionring at the top of the fire-pot and bottom of the reflector-dome separating said chambers; an annular plate at the top of the reflectordome forming an upper boundary of the cham her about the latter, the cavity of the hollow wall of the fire-pot having communication at the top outside the reflector-dome with the chamber about the latter, and said dome having air-discharge apertures distributed around the top leading from said chamber into the cavity of the dome; means for admitting air to the chamber around the fire-pot at the upper part thereof, and means for controlling such admission.

3. A stove or furnace comprising, in combination with the fire-pot, an annular reflectordome mounted above the upper margin there- .of and tapered narrowing upward and cen trally open at the top for total discharge of the products of combustion from the fire-pot; a shell encompassing the fire-pot and dome, forming a chamber thereabout; an annular plate at the top of the reflector-dome forming the upper boundary of such chamber; air-apertures distributed around the upper partof the reflector-dome leading from said chamber into the combustion-space within the dome, and controlled air-supply apertures through the shell for supplying the chamber.

4. A stove or furnace comprising, in combi-' to and thence to said combustion-space.

5. A stove or furnace comprising, in combination with the fire-pot, an annular chamber substantially encompassing the combustionspace immediately above the fire-pot, the central opening of such annular chamber affording the entire passage for discharge of the products of combustion from the fire-pot, said chamber being provided with a multiplicity of limited apertures through its inner circumferential wall leading into said combustion-space, and an air passage or conduit exposed to the heat of the fire provided with connections for admitting exterior air and leading into said annular chamber, for delivering heated air through said multiplicity of apertures into said combustion-space above the fire-bed.

6. A stove or furnace comprising, in combination with the lire-pot, an annular chamber substantially encompassing the combustionspace above the fire-pot, the central opening of such annular chamber constituting the passage for discharge of the products of combustion from the fire-pot, said chamber being provided with a multiplicity of limited apertures through its inner circumferential wall leading into said combustion-space at two levels, one nearer and the other more remote from the level of the fire-body or upper line of the firepot proper; an air passage or conduit exposed to the heat of the fire provided with connections for admitting exterior air, and leading into said annular chamber for delivering heated air through said apertures into the combustion-space above the fire-bed at the two levels of said apertures.

, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses, at Chicago, Illinois, this 24=th day of April,

H. O. BANKS. In presence of CI-IAs. S. BURTON, FRIED G. FISCHER. 

